From romantic moments to pregnancy bliss, take a look at the personal pics the singer has shared with her fans via Tumblr
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From romantic moments to pregnancy bliss, take a look at the personal pics the singer has shared with her fans via Tumblr
hope solo hope solo tesla model s tesla model s act Black Ops 2 Secede
Burkina Faso coach Paul Put is urging his players to seize the moment and secure qualification for the last eight of the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations. The west Africans take on defending champions Zambia on Tuesday evening in Nelspruit knowing that a draw will be enough to take them into the knockout stages for the first time since 1998. Back then, under the Frenchman Philippe Troussier, they finished fourth. The 2013 vintage is led by another European.
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Source: http://stephaniematthews12345.blogspot.com/2013/01/p3-and-m1.html
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Jan. 30, 2013 ? Enzymes, workhorse molecules of life that underpin almost every biological process, may have a new role as "intelligent" micro- and nanomotors with applications in medicine, engineering and other fields. That's the topic of a report in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, showing that single molecules of common enzymes can generate enough force to cause movement in specific directions.
Peter J. Butler, Ayusman Sen and colleagues point out that enzymes -- proteins that jump-start chemical reactions -- are the basis of natural biological motors essential to life. Scientists long have wondered whether a single enzyme molecule, the smallest machine that could possibly exist, might be able to generate enough force to cause its own movement in a specific direction. "Positive answers to these questions," they explain, "have important implications in areas ranging from biological transport to the design of 'intelligent,' enzyme-powered, autonomous nano- and micromotors, which are expected to find applications in bottom-up assembly of structures, pattern formation, cargo (drug) delivery at specific locations, roving sensors and related functions."
They provide the positive answers in experiments with two common enzymes called catalase and urease. Catalase protects the body from harmful effects of hydrogen peroxide formed naturally in the course of life. Urease, found in many plants, converts urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide. The researchers show that these two enzymes, in the presence of their respective substrate (hydrogen peroxide or urea, which acts as fuel), show movement. More significantly, the movement becomes directional through the imposition of a substrate gradient, a form of chemotaxis. Chemotaxis is what attracts living things toward sources of food. The researchers also show that movement causes chemically interconnected enzymes to be drawn together; a form of predator-prey behavior at the nanoscale.
The authors acknowledge funding from The Pennsylvania State University Materials Research Science and Engineering Center supported by the National Science Foundation.
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WASHINGTON (Reuters) - President Barack Obama will move cautiously into the debate over U.S. immigration reform on Tuesday, seeking to build momentum for a new bipartisan plan to offer a pathway to citizenship for the country's 11 million illegal immigrants.
Reflecting the growing clout of Hispanic voters, Obama will travel to Nevada little more than a week after his second inauguration and make the case for swift action by Congress to overhaul immigration laws.
The trip comes a day after a group of influential Senate Democrats and Republicans laid out a broad plan of their own.
Immigration reform could give Obama a landmark second-term legislative achievement but he must be cautious in his approach. His challenge is to help build public support for the senators' framework, which is in line with many of his main ideas for a sweeping immigration overhaul, while not alienating his fiercest Republican foes, who might resist anything with the Democratic president's name on it.
"Today (Obama) will applaud the bipartisan Senate agreement that is (very) consistent with his long-held view," White House senior adviser Dan Pfeiffer said on Twitter.
While Obama is likely to use the bully pulpit of the presidency, backed up by a White House-organized grass-roots campaign, he likely will be more circumspect for now about how personally involved he becomes in congressional negotiations.
"The minute it becomes Obama's plan, the Republicans kick automatically into opposition," said Bill Schneider, a political scientist at George Mason University in Virginia. "The White House knows to back off for now."
Scheduled to speak at a Las Vegas high school at 11:15 a.m. PST (2.15 p.m. ET), Obama does not intend to unveil legislation of his own. He will instead urge lawmakers to press ahead with their efforts even as he restates the "blueprint" for reform he rolled out in 2011, which called for an "earned" path to citizenship, administration officials said. He will offer a few additional unspecified details, one official said.
CONTENTIOUS DEBATE EXPECTED
The flurry of activity marks the first substantive drive in years to forge an agreement on fixing America's flawed immigration system. Although the debate is likely to be contentious, there is a growing consensus in Washington that the conditions are finally ripe for tackling the problem.
Obama and his fellow Democrats see their commitment to immigration reform as a way to solidify their hold on the growing Latino vote, which they won handily in the 2012 election. Nevada, for example, has a fast-growing Hispanic population that helped Obama carry the state in the November election.
Many Republicans, worried that their party has alienated Hispanics with anti-immigrant rhetoric, are suddenly open to cooperation on the issue as they seek to set a new tone.
"When the president addresses this issue Tuesday, I hope he will take a bipartisan approach rather than delivering another divisive partisan speech," U.S. Senate Republican Leader Mitch McConnell said in a statement on Monday.
The eight-member Senate group includes John McCain, a Republican from the border state of Arizona; Charles Schumer, a centrist Democrat from New York; and Republican Marco Rubio of Florida, a Cuban-American favorite of the Tea Party movement who has helped garner support from influential conservatives.
Translating the aspirations expressed by the group into an inevitably lengthy and complicated bill will itself be a major challenge in Congress. At the same time, the White House wants to see further details before Obama will fully embrace the senators' approach.
In an attempt to build support, the Senate proposal would couple immigration reform with enhanced border security efforts aimed at preventing illegal immigration and ensuring that those foreigners temporarily in the United States return home when their visas expire.
Under the proposal, undocumented immigrants would be allowed to register with the government, pay a fine, and then be given probationary legal status allowing them to work.
HOW LONG A PATH?
Ultimately, these immigrants would have to "go to the end of the line" and apply for permanent status. But while waiting to qualify for citizenship, they would no longer face the fear of deportation or harassment from law enforcement if they have steered clear of illegal activity.
Obama's aides consider it a breakthrough that Republican members of the bipartisan group of senators have agreed to a path to citizenship, a concept that many in their party have long opposed as tantamount to amnesty for law-breakers.
The White House remains wary, however. The president's aides have written up extensive legislative language for an immigration overhaul and will step in with their own formal proposals if the Senate effort falls apart, an administration official said. There was some concern that the senators' plan called for a more drawn-out route to citizenship than Obama would prefer but aides believe there is time to reach a compromise that would not leave immigrants' applications languishing in bureaucratic limbo.
Immigration reform, sidelined by economic issues and healthcare reform during Obama's first term, is part of an ambitious liberal agenda he laid out in his second inaugural address. That agenda also includes gun control, gay rights and fighting climate change.
Last summer, Obama took executive action so that the federal government stopped seeking to deport illegal immigrants who had arrived in the United States as children - a dramatic change that was celebrated in the Hispanic community.
After winning the bitterly fought election, Obama promised to tackle the issue comprehensively early in his new term.
(Editing by Alistair Bell, Christopher Wilson and Bill Trott)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/obama-tread-carefully-immigration-debate-061214111.html
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You have a stomach. I have a stomach. It is one of our few universals. Humans, mate, sing, talk, and raise their children in many different ways, but we?ve all got stomachs. The question is why.
Stomachs help to digest food; they get the process rolling, boiling and grinding by coating our food in slime, enzymes and acid. This is the textbook explanation and no one is saying it is wrong, but in one of my treasured meanders through the library, I recently stumbled upon a paper suggesting this explanation is incomplete, perhaps woefully so. Just as important to our survival may be the stomach?s role in separating, sieving one might say, bacteria that are good for our guts from those that are bad; separating the microbial wheat from the chaff. The study I found was led by Dr. Orla-Jensen, a retired professor from the Royal Danish Technical College. Orla-Jensen tested this new idea about the stomach by comparing the gut bacteria of young people, healthy older people and older people suffering from dementia. What Orla-Jensen found is potentially a major piece in the puzzle of the ecology of our bodies.
Image 1. A diagram of the human stomach. The stomach may act as a sieve, allowing only some kinds of microbes through to the small intestines.
Orla-Jensen and colleagues began by positing, or perhaps assuming is the better word, that a key function of the stomach is to kill bad bacteria with acid. The acid, they argue, serves as a sieve. It stops bad bacteria, particularly the most opportunistic of pathogens, but it does not stop all bacteria. It lets those beneficial bacteria that have adaptations for dealing with stomach acid?adaptations honed over many thousands of generations?on down the gastrointestinal road. In their model, if the stomach fails to kill bad bacteria, pathogens dominate the intestines. They do so in place of the beneficial microbes that help our bodies to digest food and produce nutrients. And when they do death or at least the failure to thrive are nearly inevitable.
Orla-Jensen and colleagues knew from earlier work that the pH of the human stomach increases with age; the stomach becomes less acidic. This effect is most acute in individuals over seventy years of age. In these older individuals Orla-Jensen predicted that the stomach?s effectiveness as a killer of bad microbes might be compromised. In age, the intestines, recipients of everything that leaves the stomach, living or dead, might become dominated by pathogenic species such as the weedy and deadly Clostridium dificile or by oral species, that while beneficial in the mouth can become a pathogen in the gut. It was a simple enough prediction, but perhaps too simple. The biota of the gut is incredibly complex. It can contain thousands of species and is influenced by many, many factors. Could the stomach?s pH really matter enough to make a measurable difference? As I read Orla-Jensen?s paper, I was skeptical, but I was curious enough to read through to the results. I sat down on the floor in the library and prepared to stay a while.
Image 2. Micrograph of Clostridium dificile. Image courtesy of CDC/ Lois S. Wiggs (PHIL #6260), 2004.
To test their hypothesis, Orla-Jensen and colleagues cultured bacteria they had collected from fecal samples of ninety human participants, one third of whom were between 30 and 40 years old and two thirds of whom were over seventy. They then compared the microbes found in the samples from these different age groups. Again, they would expect that in the older individuals that the bad bacteria and oral bacteria should be more common and, in their abundance, displace the good necessary bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium.
Remarkably, the authors? predictions from the sieve hypotheses held up. I have reproduced and slightly modified their main table below. Nine percent of the individuals over seventy had more than a million cells of the bad news?Clostridum bacteria per gram of feces; none of the thirty to forty-year-olds did. What was more, a third of the individuals over seventy had more than a billion cells per gram of feces of the oral bacteria, Streptococcus salivarius. Again, none of the thirty to forty-year-olds did. But were these pathogenic and oral bacteria doing well enough to actually compromise the success of good bacteria in the gut? Yes. While all of the thirty to forty year olds had at least a million cells of the good gut bacteria Bifidobacterium per gram of sample, less than half of the individuals over seventy did.
Interestingly, the guts of those individuals over seventy years of age who had dementia were in the worst shape. Nearly each and every one of their guts was dominated by Clostridium and oral bacteria. Other studies seem to lend support to these general findings, albeit from different angles. A study comparing healthy individuals and individuals with low stomach acidity found that those with low stomach acidity were less likely to have Bifidobacterium even though their total density of intestinal bacteria, particularly the pathogens, increased. Another study found that individuals with low stomach acidity tend to be more likely to suffer from diarrhea, as would be expected if their guts were being taken over by pathogens.
The ?differences seen here as a function of age are much more pronounced than those seen in another study, recently published in the journal Nature. The Nature article compares the gut microbes of more than ?five hundred individuals of different ages and ethnicities. In the Nature study the authors found little effect of age on gut microbes after the first few years of life (during which there was a large effect as newborns slowly acquired adult microbes). However, the Nature study only considered four individuals over seventy years of age (they also did not specifically look for shifts in beneficial versus problematic species, perhaps they will in the future). Orla-Jensen?s work suggests that it is precisely the very old individuals in whom the differences begin to be pronounced. ?Sometimes it takes the perspective of many studies and time to see the full picture.?This is probably where I should point out that the Orla-Jensen study I?m discussing was published in 1948. Interesting ideas can get lost in unread scientific articles; many, perhaps most, are. Orla-Jensen?s paper has only rarely been cited and never in the context of the discussion of the function of the stomach or even in the context of aging and the microbial wilderness of our bodies.
Table 1. Reproduced (with updates) from Orla-Jensen et al., 1948. Sample size for each group = 30 individuals. The author of this paper, Prof. Orla-Jensen was 77 at the time of the publication of this paper in 1948 and so had a personal interest in these results. One wonders if he sampled himself.
Percent of individuals with > than 1 billion cells of each bacteria per gram of feces, or, in parentheses, percent of individuals with > 1 million cells per gram. | |||
Volunteers | Mutualist Bifidobacterium | Pathogen Clostridium | Oral bacteria, Streptococcus salivarius |
Aged 30-40 (Healthy) | 57? (100) | 0 | 0 |
> 70 years (Healthy) | 25 (44) | 9 | 31 |
> 70 years (w/ Dementia) | 7 (9) | 48 | 35 |
More than sixty-five years later it is now up to us to figure out what other predictions the sieve hypothesis might make <sup>2/<sup>. Perhaps the most obvious prediction is that as one travels the body, from the skin to the mouth, to the stomach and on into the intestines, that one should encounter, at each step, diminishing subsets of microbial lineages. Is this true? It seems hard to believe. After all, a huge number of studies have proudly announced the great diversity of microbes in the gut, a terrible diversity. Let?s look.
The best study I know of included samples from skin, mouth and gut, and considered which taxa of microbes were found in the different habitats. The diversity of major lineages drops by half as you go from the mouth to the stomach AND the lineages present in the gut, particularly the colon, are a subset of those in the stomach which are a subset of those in the mouth (see Figure 2). This matches what the sieve hypothesis would predict, but it is not enough.
If the sieve hypothesis holds, there must be additional predictions. I have not thought this through terribly well, but I think I would probably expect differences in the stomachs of animals eating different foods. Animals that eat foods that are more likely to include pathogens ought to have filters that are more finely tuned to weeding out bad microbes; they ought, I think, to err on the side of killing too many. This does appear to be the case for some vultures. The stomach of the white-backed vulture has a pH of 1! Conversely it seems plausible to predict that animals that eat diets less likely to lead them to pathogens, fruit eaters for example, should be expected to relax the sieve, open it up a little to make sure that many good microbes make it through. ?I don?t know that it has been tested. There must be more predictions for the differences one expects among species.
Image 3. White backed vultures feeding on a wildebeest. These vultures need to very actively fight the pathogens in the dead meat on which they indulge. One way they do so is by having very, very, acidic stomachs. Photo by?Magnus Kjaergaard.
Modern living also presents us with another testable prediction about the stomach and its effects on microbes. Bariatric surgery is an ever more common medical intervention in which the size of a patient?s stomach is reduced so as to reduce the amount of food he or she can eat in one sitting. The surgery also has the consequence, however, of increasing the pH in the stomachs of those who have the surgery, making their stomachs less acidic. If the sieve hypothesis is right, these individuals ought to have gut bacteria that look more like those of seventy years old than those of thirty year olds. They do. Recently a study has found that good Bifidobacterium species become more rare after bariatric surgery while oral bacteria (in this case Prevotella) and? E. coli, which can be a pathogen, become more common. These results seem to be what the sieve hypothesis would predict.
I am sure there are more predictions. I?ll leave you to them. The good news is that if there are more predictions now is a great time to look, to test them. The microbes of our body are hip, as sexy as a field of study that often involves the word fecal can be (see Image 4 or check out your own sexy fecal bugs at American Gut). New data are published every day. If we can develop good predictions they can be tested. We might finally figure out what the stomach does, or rather the complex mix of its roles, its churning melange of duties. No one denies that the stomach helps to break down proteins, it just might not be its most important job.
Image 4. Microbiologist Jonathan Eisen wearing his microbiome. Image courtesy of Jonathan Eisen.
Meanwhile, there is an interesting coda to this story. In addition to considering the difference between old and young individuals, Orla-Jensen, as you might remember, considered the difference between healthy individuals over seventy and individuals over seventy with dementia. The individuals with dementia had even more pathogens and oral microbes in their guts than did the healthy seventy-year-olds. This is interesting, but what is the cause and what is the effect here? Could a poorly functioning stomach lead to a pathogen heavy microbe community in the gut and could that gut community in turn lead to dementia??Could our minds really fail because our stomachs do? A few recent studies have begun to explore the possibility that dementia might result from infection, but it is WAY too soon to say anything conclusive. One is left to imagine the mechanism behind such a decline. I have some ideas, but I?ll need to think them over some more. Meanwhile, you can offer your hypotheses too, and I?ll go back to the library and see what other gems I can find, old studies that are as revolutionary as the new ones you read about in the press, studies that whether right or wrong confirm just how little we know and how slow and circular progress can be.
Footnotes (more to be added)
1- They did not sequence the genes of these microbes?now a common technique?and so their results represent just part of what was going on in the sampled guts, a few kinds of common trees in a diverse forest, and yet it was probably a reasonable measure of those trees.
2- Which, I will confess, I?ve named here. Orla-Jensen and colleagues thought the idea so obvious as to not even deserve a name.
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Source: http://rss.sciam.com/click.phdo?i=1f6f2e50c76a507a8564225303514e60
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Contact: Cindy Starr
cindy.starr@uc.edu
513-558-3505
University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center
CINCINNATIA multi-center study supports the effectiveness of the newest technology available for the treatment of difficult, life-threatening brain aneurysms. The technology, the Pipeline embolization device, is a flow diverter that redirects blood flow away from wide-necked or giant aneurysms that cannot be treated in more conventional ways.
Andrew Ringer, MD, director of the division of cerebrovascular surgery and professor of neurosurgery and radiology at the University of Cincinnati (UC) College of Medicine, led the Cincinnati portion of the study, which was published in the December issue of Neurosurgery.
"The study showed that the Pipeline device is a safe and effective tool for patients and surgeons," says Ringer, a Mayfield Clinic neurosurgeon who has treated 11 patients with the device. "This expands our ability to safely treat aneurysms that were very difficult to treat before."
A brain aneurysm is bulge on an artery wall that can rupture as it grows thinner and weaker, releasing blood into the space between the brain and the skull, a potentially catastrophic event called a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Of the 30,000 Americans who experience a ruptured brain aneurysm each year, according to the American Association of Neurological Surgeons, about 40 to 50 percent survive, while 20 percent recover without any permanent physical deficits.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the flow-diverting device in 2011 after the successful completion of a clinical trial known as PUFS (Pipeline for Uncoilable or Failed Aneurysms). Ringer and his colleagues from six other neurosurgical centersall part of the Endovascular Neurosurgery Research Group (ENRG)opted to continue studying the Pipeline, which is manufactured by ev3/Covidien, to better understand its safety and effectiveness in real-world hospital settings.
"Whenever there is a new device, technology or drug that is undergoing review for FDA approval, the sponsors of the study will select clinical sites that have high-level expertise, that treat many cases of this type very well, and that have the infrastructure necessary to run the study," Ringer said. "The results that come out of these studies, therefore, are the results at the most experienced centers. More importantly, the results are done under the very rigid confines of a clinical trial and are not necessarily reflective of everyday practice."
Investigators from ENRG wanted to know whether outcomes would remain consistently positive after the device was approved and was being used in clinical practice. "We asked this question because there have been instances where an approved device did not perform as well in a real-world setting as it had in a clinical trial leading up to its approval," Ringer says.
In the case of the flow-diverting Pipeline, Ringer continues, the device lived up to expectations. "We tracked the outcomes of patients who had the Pipeline used for aneurysm treatment in standard practice, outside the confines of a study, and we were able to show that the outcomes in fact were quite good."
The study tracked the outcomes of 56 patients treated at the seven centers. Clinicians used an average of two Pipeline devices to treat each aneurysm, and they used coils as well in treating 25 percent of the aneurysms. Of the 19 patients who had a three-month follow-up angiogram, 68 percent had complete, successful occlusion of their aneurysm. The study also reported, in its "most surprising finding," a major complication rate, resulting in permanent disability or death, of 8.5 percent. Four patients with giant aneurysms suffered fatal hemorrhages following their procedure.
"While any adverse outcome is cause for regret, we recognize that these patients had high-risk aneurysms, and other treatment options or observation may have been even riskier," Ringer says. "We will continue watching outcomes as the device becomes more available."
Ringer and his colleagues are using the flow-diversion device to treat three types of brain aneurysms:
Standard treatments for brain aneurysms include a surgical procedure called clipping, in which the surgeon opens the skull and places a clip over the aneurysm's neck, and a less invasive, endovascular procedure called coiling, in which the surgeon uses a catheter to deliver and deposit tiny coils into the aneurysm. Another endovascular procedure involves filling the aneurysm with a special glue that hardens.
Wide-necked and giant aneurysms have proven resistant to these treatments, however, because they have no necks that can be clipped and because coils or glue tend not to remain within the aneurysms' open mouths.
The flow-diverting device addresses this problem through the placement of a stent-like scaffold over the healthy artery outside the aneurysm. The scaffold is a tiny braided mesh cylinder, 10 to 35 millimeters long, which is made of platinum and nickel-cobalt alloy.
"When using this treatment we never go inside the aneurysm," Ringer said. "The tightly woven tube creates resistance to the blood flow, causing the blood to continue down the artery along the path of least resistance, causing the aneurysm to eventually clot off, wither and die."
Unlike clipping and coiling procedures, which neutralize blood flow to an aneurysm almost immediately, a flow-diversion device may require weeks or months to neutralize an aneurysm. "But the advantage of the Pipeline is that we don't have to work inside the aneurysm," Ringer said. "And therefore, if the shape, size, or configuration of the aneurysm is such that both surgery and coiling are difficult or dangerous, we have another option."
###
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Contact: Cindy Starr
cindy.starr@uc.edu
513-558-3505
University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center
CINCINNATIA multi-center study supports the effectiveness of the newest technology available for the treatment of difficult, life-threatening brain aneurysms. The technology, the Pipeline embolization device, is a flow diverter that redirects blood flow away from wide-necked or giant aneurysms that cannot be treated in more conventional ways.
Andrew Ringer, MD, director of the division of cerebrovascular surgery and professor of neurosurgery and radiology at the University of Cincinnati (UC) College of Medicine, led the Cincinnati portion of the study, which was published in the December issue of Neurosurgery.
"The study showed that the Pipeline device is a safe and effective tool for patients and surgeons," says Ringer, a Mayfield Clinic neurosurgeon who has treated 11 patients with the device. "This expands our ability to safely treat aneurysms that were very difficult to treat before."
A brain aneurysm is bulge on an artery wall that can rupture as it grows thinner and weaker, releasing blood into the space between the brain and the skull, a potentially catastrophic event called a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Of the 30,000 Americans who experience a ruptured brain aneurysm each year, according to the American Association of Neurological Surgeons, about 40 to 50 percent survive, while 20 percent recover without any permanent physical deficits.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the flow-diverting device in 2011 after the successful completion of a clinical trial known as PUFS (Pipeline for Uncoilable or Failed Aneurysms). Ringer and his colleagues from six other neurosurgical centersall part of the Endovascular Neurosurgery Research Group (ENRG)opted to continue studying the Pipeline, which is manufactured by ev3/Covidien, to better understand its safety and effectiveness in real-world hospital settings.
"Whenever there is a new device, technology or drug that is undergoing review for FDA approval, the sponsors of the study will select clinical sites that have high-level expertise, that treat many cases of this type very well, and that have the infrastructure necessary to run the study," Ringer said. "The results that come out of these studies, therefore, are the results at the most experienced centers. More importantly, the results are done under the very rigid confines of a clinical trial and are not necessarily reflective of everyday practice."
Investigators from ENRG wanted to know whether outcomes would remain consistently positive after the device was approved and was being used in clinical practice. "We asked this question because there have been instances where an approved device did not perform as well in a real-world setting as it had in a clinical trial leading up to its approval," Ringer says.
In the case of the flow-diverting Pipeline, Ringer continues, the device lived up to expectations. "We tracked the outcomes of patients who had the Pipeline used for aneurysm treatment in standard practice, outside the confines of a study, and we were able to show that the outcomes in fact were quite good."
The study tracked the outcomes of 56 patients treated at the seven centers. Clinicians used an average of two Pipeline devices to treat each aneurysm, and they used coils as well in treating 25 percent of the aneurysms. Of the 19 patients who had a three-month follow-up angiogram, 68 percent had complete, successful occlusion of their aneurysm. The study also reported, in its "most surprising finding," a major complication rate, resulting in permanent disability or death, of 8.5 percent. Four patients with giant aneurysms suffered fatal hemorrhages following their procedure.
"While any adverse outcome is cause for regret, we recognize that these patients had high-risk aneurysms, and other treatment options or observation may have been even riskier," Ringer says. "We will continue watching outcomes as the device becomes more available."
Ringer and his colleagues are using the flow-diversion device to treat three types of brain aneurysms:
Standard treatments for brain aneurysms include a surgical procedure called clipping, in which the surgeon opens the skull and places a clip over the aneurysm's neck, and a less invasive, endovascular procedure called coiling, in which the surgeon uses a catheter to deliver and deposit tiny coils into the aneurysm. Another endovascular procedure involves filling the aneurysm with a special glue that hardens.
Wide-necked and giant aneurysms have proven resistant to these treatments, however, because they have no necks that can be clipped and because coils or glue tend not to remain within the aneurysms' open mouths.
The flow-diverting device addresses this problem through the placement of a stent-like scaffold over the healthy artery outside the aneurysm. The scaffold is a tiny braided mesh cylinder, 10 to 35 millimeters long, which is made of platinum and nickel-cobalt alloy.
"When using this treatment we never go inside the aneurysm," Ringer said. "The tightly woven tube creates resistance to the blood flow, causing the blood to continue down the artery along the path of least resistance, causing the aneurysm to eventually clot off, wither and die."
Unlike clipping and coiling procedures, which neutralize blood flow to an aneurysm almost immediately, a flow-diversion device may require weeks or months to neutralize an aneurysm. "But the advantage of the Pipeline is that we don't have to work inside the aneurysm," Ringer said. "And therefore, if the shape, size, or configuration of the aneurysm is such that both surgery and coiling are difficult or dangerous, we have another option."
###
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-01/uoca-rhc013013.php
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Every single entrepreneur on the face of this earth is actually writing a book. And the nature of that book must begin right now. Where you are. With the question: what do I wish to say?
~ Michael E. Gerber
The United States was founded on a system of free enterprise in order to cultivate freedom and opportunity. A free enterprise economy matters since it enables individuals to achieve success, to ?plant their own seed,? and to leave a mark on others? lives. This foundation is based upon the voluntary exchange of goods and services, where both parties benefit from this transaction.
With our recent economic woes, unemployment is still a relevant issue. This has taken an emotional toll on fathers and mothers who struggle to put food on the table. College graduates, who?ve spent several years working diligently toward a degree, are having trouble finding positions in their desired fields. Then there are those who have stopped looking for work altogether.
Maybe this is the time that lends itself to a ?call to action,? where individuals can take a leap of faith and personally invest in their pursuit of happiness. Aspiring entrepreneurs, inventors and dreamers, of all kinds, must take initiative.
In a blog post in Psychology Today, Marilyn Price-Mitchell, Ph.D, discusses how teens learn: ?We now know that learning to overcome challenges during adolescence develops initiative, an important characteristic of how we successfully pursue goals,? she says.
While trying not to confuse initiative with achievement, Price-Mitchell advocates that initiative is one?s inner ability to move forth with purpose. As adolescents grow into young adults, they realize the power of choice. By choosing to participate in activities that illustrate creativity, dignity and autonomy, they will feel internally rewarded. Price-Mitchell is a firm believer in encouraging teens to challenge themselves and seize the potential to think critically, while also learning to get along effectively with peers and adults.
?They may be judged by others and given feedback that prompts an adjustment to strategies or behavior,? she notes. ?These are important, valuable experiences that help adolescents learn to propel themselves forward.?
What drives initiative? Particular attributes are needed in order to exert control, and to go the extra mile in developing a business of one?s own. (Forbes contributor Eric T. Wagner lists seven in particular in his article 7 Traits of Incredibly Successful Entrepreneurs.)
Wagner stresses the significance of persevering and staying focused on your journey, even when the finish line appears a bit out of reach and overwhelming. ?Are things going to look impossible for you as an entrepreneur? You better believe it,? he writes. ?Will you feel like giving up and throwing in the towel? Absolutely. But do you need to fight off the urge to quit and keep pressing on? Yes!?
Small business guru Michael E. Gerber draws parallels with starting your own company to writing your own book in his article, Traits of a Truly Entrepreneurial Mindset. Just as the process of writing asks you to think of the kind of wisdom you wish to impart to the reader, starting a company requires similar questions to be asked.
?Your business is a product of how you, its creator, think about it: what it sells, what it does, how it does it, who your people are, and how you help them grow,? Gerber said.
The year is young. Possibilities are everywhere.
Do you have any interesting business ideas?
?
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Suval, L. (2013). The Age of Small Business. Psych Central. Retrieved on January 19, 2013, from http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2013/01/19/the-age-of-small-business/
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Source: http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2013/01/19/the-age-of-small-business/
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The Hindu festival is billed as the world's largest gathering, a chance to wash away karmic debt and liberate oneself from the cycle of rebirth and death.
By Shivam Vij,?Correspondent / January 16, 2013
Indian Hindu devotees perform rituals and prayers at Sangam, the confluence of the holy rivers Ganges and Yamuna and mythical Saraswati at the Kumbh Mela in Allahabad, India, Wednesday, Jan. 16.
Kevin Frayer/AP
EnlargeThis week,?Hindu ascetics in ostentatious chariots pulled by elephants and horses along with pilgrims and tourists from around the world arrived in Allahabad, about halfway between New Delhi and Kolkata, India.
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Their faces smeared with ash and bodies covered in little more than marigold garlands, the religious men marked the opening of the Kumbh Mela, by rushing into the cold water to bathe at 5 a.m. on Monday.?
The Hindu festival is billed as the world's largest gathering, a chance to wash away karmic debt and liberate oneself from the cycle of rebirth and death. It's also a broadly shared experience in a country where the saying goes that there are as many Indias as there are Indians.?
"What is most endearing about the Kumbh festival is that all Hindus across caste and class come together. All hierarchies melt in the great river. It's unity in diversity," says Ram Naresh Tripathi, a retired journalist and Hindu astrologer?in Allahabad.
This is one of four Kumbh Melas, each held in different cities over different intervals???this one comes to Allahabad every 12 years. These festivals?are all miraculous, at the very least in terms of logistics.
On Monday's opening, at least 10 million people bathed in the?sangam,?or confluence, of three rivers, the Ganga, the Yamuna, and the Saraswati.?By the end of the festival on March 10, an estimated 100 million people will have bathed in the river. Feb. 10 is the day considered most?auspicious?by religious followers, and is therefore the busiest day.
A temporary tent city has been set up on 6,000 acres of land, and the Indian Railways is running 750 special trains to make sure people from different parts of the country can reach it. ??
The numbers indicate the scale of the exercise: 18 pontoon bridges, 35,000 toilets, 97 miles of new roads, 355 miles of water pipelines, 497 miles of electric wires, 48 power sub-stations, four warehouses for grains, groceries and vegetables, 22 doctors, 120 ambulances, 30 new police stations, 100 beds for local hospitals and so on, according to Mela Officer Mani Prasad Mishra.
At a press conference addressed, journalists complained about incomplete work, to which Mr. Mishra replied that the authorities had been rushing against time. "We are in control of the situation and whatever requirements are needed to conduct it successfully have been put in place," he said.
The government has taken measures to fight contagious diseases, expected stampedes and fires, and terrorist attacks. Some 30,000 policemen are patrolling the Kumbh, which is under the surveillance of 56 watchtowers and 89 CCTV cameras. A market made up of 11,000 stalls has been set up to sell everything from food to?ornaments and curios.
The festival cost an estimated $290 million to organize, but a study by The Association of Chambers of Commerce and Industry in India says the Uttar Pradesh state government is likely to recover most of it through revenues generated by tourism.
Tourists and pilgrims are expected from across the world. Among the expected visitors: The Tibetan spiritual leader the Dalai Lama, and actors Richard Gere, Michael Douglas, and his wife Catherine Zeta Jones.
Mr. Tripathi, the journalist-turned-astrologer, said the Kumbh had changed a lot since his childhood, with the gathering now catering to Hindus with newfound wealth. ?The?sadhus?[ascetics] have all become hi-tech. They used to come on foot from hundreds of miles away but today they come in cars and carry gadgets like tablet computers,? he says.
Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/csmonitor/globalnews/~3/FOxMeL8hqNc/Kumbh-Mela-A-million-man-dip
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View of the Bailey Island Cribstone Bridge and the supermoon.
<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Kevin_Kain"><img style="float:left;padding-right:6px !important;" src="http://graph.facebook.com/508059869/picture?type=square" /></a><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Kevin_Kain">Kevin Kain</a>:<br />Big MOON over Frankensteiner Platz, Sachsenhausen-Nord, Frankfurt am Main. Frankfurt, Germany
<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Susan_Leas_Latham"><img style="float:left;padding-right:6px !important;" src="http://graph.facebook.com/100000400611255/picture?type=square" /></a><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Susan_Leas_Latham">Susan Leas Latham</a>:<br />Looking west from Stanyan and Page Street, San Francisco.
<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/imtruthmonger"><img style="float:left;padding-right:6px !important;" src="http://i.huffpost.com/profiles/955553-tiny.png?20101230100445" /></a><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/imtruthmonger">imtruthmonger</a>:<br />Sandhill cranes traverse the face of the super moon. San Luis Valley, Colorado
<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Ron_Hagg"><img style="float:left;padding-right:6px !important;" src="http://s.huffpost.com/images/profile/user_placeholder.gif" /></a><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Ron_Hagg">Ron Hagg</a>:<br />Great to be here
A "supermoon" is seen above the Christ the Redeemer statue in Rio de Janeiro, Sunday, May 6, 2012. A supermoon is the coincidence of a full moon (or a new moon) with the closest approach the moon makes to the Earth. (AP Photo/Victor R. Caivano)
<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Cory_Michael_Hall"><img style="float:left;padding-right:6px !important;" src="http://graph.facebook.com/1757992258/picture?type=square" /></a><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Cory_Michael_Hall">Cory Michael Hall</a>:<br />Super Moon 2012 Lake Havasu City
The full moon rises behind the Temple of Poseidon in Cape Sounion, south east of Athens, Greece, while tourists watch, on Saturday, May 5, 2012. Saturday's event is a "supermoon," the closest and therefore the biggest and brightest full moon of the year. (AP Photo/Dimitri Messinis)
PALM SPRINGS, CA - MAY 5: A perigee moon, or supermoon, rises behind wind turbines on May 5, 2012 near Palm Springs, California. The moon appears especially big and bright during this once-a-year cosmic event as the full moon is at its closest to the Earth in its elliptical orbit. The perigee side of its orbit is about 31,000 miles closer than the opposite, or apogee, side. The bright light of the full moon also hides all but the brightest meteors of the Eta Aquarid meteor shower, the remnant debris trail of Halley's Comet. (Photo by David McNew/Getty Images)
Budapest Moon
A supermoon lights up Waikiki and Diamond Head Saturday, May 5, 2012, in Honolulu. A "supermoon" event happens when the moon is closest to the earth therefore the biggest and brightest full moon of the year. (AP Photo/Eugene Tanner)
May 4, 2012 over Palmer Alaska
Supermoon over Marino, three miles north of Dublin City, Ireland. The small light is the top of the Spire monument on Dublin's O'Connell Street - in the centre of the city!
A fisherman casts a line from a jetty as the "supermoon" appears over the Atlantic Ocean, Saturday, May 5, 2012, near Bal Harbour, Fla. The moon was the closest it will get to the Earth this year _ and appeared 14 percent larger because of that. At its peak it was about 221,802 miles from Earth. (AP Photo/Wilfredo Lee)
The "supermoon" appears behind a steeple with crosses of an Orthodox church in the town of Novogrudok, 150 km (93 miles) west of Minsk, Belarus, late Saturday, May 5, 2012. The moon was the closest it will get to the Earth this year _ and appeared 14 percent larger because of that. At its peak it was about 221,802 miles from Earth. (AP Photo/Sergei Grits)
<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/RobertinBeirut"><img style="float:left;padding-right:6px !important;" src="http://s.huffpost.com/images/profile/user_placeholder.gif" /></a><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/RobertinBeirut">RobertinBeirut</a>:<br />This was taken from Central Falls, over the downtown area of Pawtucket, RI.
<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Druuna"><img style="float:left;padding-right:6px !important;" src="http://i.huffpost.com/profiles/1336379-2-tiny.png?20110427170134" /></a><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Druuna">Druuna</a>:<br />Super Moon May 5th, 2012 in Chicagoland
<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Lodza"><img style="float:left;padding-right:6px !important;" src="http://graph.facebook.com/1284260836/picture?type=square" /></a><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Lodza">Lodza</a>:<br />
Taken at moonrise.
The full moon rises behind Statue of Liberty replica atop of a hotel in Kosovo's capital Pristina on Saturday, May 5, 2012. On Saturday, the moon will be a "supermoon" or perigee moon as the moon is at it's closest approach to the earth. ( AP Photo / Visar Kryeziu )
Taken at moonrise.
<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Rob_Youngblood"><img style="float:left;padding-right:6px !important;" src="http://graph.facebook.com/1832788374/picture?type=square" /></a><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Rob_Youngblood">Rob Youngblood</a>:<br />SuperMoon over Franklin, Tennessee
The full moon rises in the clouds behind statues of angels fixed at the St. Isaak's Cathedral in St.Petersburg, Russia, Saturday, May 5, 2012. Saturday's event is a "supermoon," the closest and therefore the biggest and brightest full moon of the year. (AP Photo/Dmitry Lovetsky)
<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/JanetBS"><img style="float:left;padding-right:6px !important;" src="http://images.huffingtonpost.com/twitter_profile_img/3189175.png" /></a><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/JanetBS">JanetBS</a>:<br />Supermoon over Northern VA breaking through the clouds.
<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Joel_Caplan"><img style="float:left;padding-right:6px !important;" src="http://graph.facebook.com/883935213/picture?type=square" /></a><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Joel_Caplan">Joel Caplan</a>:<br />From Savannah GA about 10:45 EDT
The "supermoon" appears over the landmark Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in Mumbai, India, Saturday, May 5, 2012. The moon was the closest it will get to the Earth this year _ and appeared 14 percent larger because of that. At its peak it was about 221,802 miles from Earth. (AP Photo/ Rajanish Kakade)
<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Thalin_Lea"><img style="float:left;padding-right:6px !important;" src="http://images.huffingtonpost.com/yahoo_profile_img/2244009.png" /></a><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Thalin_Lea">Thalin Lea</a>:<br />
<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/jennahassan"><img style="float:left;padding-right:6px !important;" src="http://images.huffingtonpost.com/aol_profile_img/3189206.png" /></a><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/jennahassan">jennahassan</a>:<br />And the desert whispered to the moon, "bring back the ocean."
The moon rises Ben Hill Griffin Stadium at the University of Florida in Gainesville Fla., on Saturday, May 5, 2012. (AP Photo/The Gainesville Sun, Matt Stamey)
Simone Rapple
James Spear
Maple leaves are silhouetted by the "supermoon" in Spring Lake Township, Mich., Sunday, May 6, 2012. The moon was the closest it will get to the Earth this year _ and appeared 14 percent larger because of that. At its peak it was about 221,802 miles from Earth. (AP Photo/The Grand Rapids Press, Cory Morse) ALL LOCAL TV OUT; LOCAL TV INTERNET OUT
Phyllis Scott
Via Donna W.
The 'Supermoon" rises over the Angel's Gate lighthouse in San Pedro, Calif. Saturday night. The moon will come within about 221,802 miles (357,000 kilometers) from Earth. That's about 15,300 miles (24,600 kilometers) closer than average. (AP Photo/Chuck Bennett, Daily Breeze)
Leah Kosin <a href="http://leesburg.patch.com/" target="_hplink">Leesburg Patch</a>
Via Pat.
<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/vtphotoguy"><img style="float:left;padding-right:6px !important;" src="http://i.huffpost.com/profiles/320695-tiny.png?20100701232123" /></a><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/vtphotoguy">vtphotoguy</a>:<br />Moonrise over the peaks of Plainfield, from nearby Calais, Vermont. Tim Seaver/Vermontphoto
<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Bjorn47"><img style="float:left;padding-right:6px !important;" src="http://graph.facebook.com/702667588/picture?type=square" /></a><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Bjorn47">Bjorn47</a>:<br />Supermoon as seen from Uppsala, Sweden a few hours ago.
The "supermoon" appears over Vancouver, British Columbia Saturday May 5, 2012. The moon was the closest it will get to the Earth this year _ and appeared 14 percent larger because of that. At its peak it was about 221,802 miles from Earth. (AP Photo/The Canadian Press, Jonathan Hayward)
<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Kari_Koji"><img style="float:left;padding-right:6px !important;" src="http://graph.facebook.com/100001947155004/picture?type=square" /></a><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Kari_Koji">Kari Koji</a>:<br />Supermoon in Greeley, Colorado! Amazing
<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Richard_G_Bolt_Iii"><img style="float:left;padding-right:6px !important;" src="http://graph.facebook.com/1253949099/picture?type=square" /></a><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Richard_G_Bolt_Iii">Richard G Bolt Iii</a>:<br />Supermoon 2012
<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Ahura_Mazda"><img style="float:left;padding-right:6px !important;" src="http://images.huffingtonpost.com/yahoo_profile_img/1143523.png" /></a><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Ahura_Mazda">Ahura Mazda</a>:<br />
<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/firewmn"><img style="float:left;padding-right:6px !important;" src="http://i.huffpost.com/profiles/258322-2-tiny.png?20100131224803" /></a><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/firewmn">firewmn</a>:<br />Supermoon in the Big Sky...
<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Edward_Oest"><img style="float:left;padding-right:6px !important;" src="http://graph.facebook.com/100001892959705/picture?type=square" /></a><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Edward_Oest">Edward Oest</a>:<br />Supermoon over Anglin's Fishing Pier, Lauderdale-by-the-Sea, Florida. E Oest
<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Teejaye46"><img style="float:left;padding-right:6px !important;" src="http://i.huffpost.com/profiles/2532006-tiny.png?20120409193947" /></a><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/Teejaye46">Teejaye46</a>:<br />
The moon rises over the Renkert Building, Saturday, May 5, 2012 in Canton, Ohio. The biggest and brightest full moon of the year arrives Saturday night as our celestial neighbor passes closer to Earth than usual. (AP Photo/The Repository, Scott Heckel) MANDATORY CREDIT
<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/May_Lafranchi"><img style="float:left;padding-right:6px !important;" src="http://graph.facebook.com/1015404955/picture?type=square" /></a><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/May_Lafranchi">May Lafranchi</a>:<br />
Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/18/mona-lisa-moon-laser-nasa_n_2502051.html
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Ranchi:? Propped up by the massive series-levelling win in the second ODI, India will look to keep the momentum going when they go into the third one-dayer against England here on Saturday, hoping that skipper Mahendra Singh Dhoni's first match in his hometown will prove lucky.
After they fell short by mere nine runs in a high-scoring 326-run chase in Rajkot, India came back strongly in Kochi to level the series 1-1 with a 127-run win, their second highest margin of victory against England.
The manner in which the victory came for Dhoni's men gave a fresh lease of life to the struggling outfit and it would look to take the crucial lead going into Mohali and Dharamsala.
Another destructive innings by Dhoni (72 from 66 balls) coupled with Ravindra Jadeja's unbeaten 61 from 37 balls set the momentum after yet another top-order failure in Kochi as England choked in the 286-run chase.
In the Kochi triumph, India finally seemed to have got the allrounder solution in Jadeja who came of age, brilliantly chipping in with 2/12 from his seven overs of left-arm spin.
Another positive was the failing middle-order batsmen's return to form with the Suresh Raina, Dhoni and Jadeja notching half-centuries.
That Virat Kohli, going through a rare lean patch, showed some flair in his 37 would also augur well for India as the think-tank may not look to fiddle with the batting line-up, even as the poor run of Gautam Gambhir continues to baffle.
But come Saturday, and it will be all about Dhoni when India play their first match at the skipper's home ground.
The World Cup-winning captain has an aura about himself at the newly-constructed JSCA International Stadium Complex in the south-western fringes of the city, like Sourav Ganguly has in Kolkata. 200 per cent I'm looking forward to it (playing at home). It's a big thing for me," the Ranchi-born wicketkeeper batsman, who has so far played 216 ODIs since making his debut in 2004 in Bangladesh, had said.
With Dhoni being in the form of his lifetime, the ODI in his home town could not have come at a better time as it would add to the fervour the match has already generated in the state.
Since the 2011 World Cup, Dhoni has averaged 83.28 at a strike rate of 92.39, with 11 fifty-plus scores in 27 innings.
Amid the Indian batting ruins, Dhoni has stood tall sometimes left ploughing a lonely furrow with little support from his fellow batsmen. He has aggregated 307 runs in his last five matches at a handsome average of 102.33.
The biggest praise for Dhoni has come from his English counterpart Alastair Cook who has described the Indian skipper as the best in the world.
"He is probably the best player in the world in these situations... He does it time and time again. He's incredibly hard to bowl at and with that extra man in the circle, it's very, very hard to stop on these flat wickets," Cook had said after the Kochi ODI loss.
Having thrashed more or less the same side 5-0 twice (when they toured last in 2008-09 and 2011-12), a lot would be at stake for Dhoni's men, under heavy criticism after suffering back-to-back series defeats to England (Tests) and Pakistan (ODIs).
Most of the Indian batsmen failing collectively has been the reason for the recent slide.
On the bowling front, Bhuvneshwar Kumar took down the English top-order early on in Kochi when he removed Kevin Pietersen and Eoin Morgan in the space of three balls in an outstanding new-ball spell.
The 22-year-old also showed fine stamina, bowling his 10-over quota at a stretch and was rewarded with his best International figures of 3/29 in his fifth appearance. M Bhuvneshwar will be the key in Indian bowling as the wicket promises to offer some swing early on, even as the poor form of Ishant Sharma may prompt the think-tank to bring in Ashok Dinda.
Ishant has been a shadow of the magical spells he produced in Australia, as he has been bowling too short or wayward, leaking runs at more than eight an over.
England's hope for a double, and a repeat of the 1984-85 series, where they won both the Tests and ODIs, would largely depend on how Kevin Pietersen performs in the next three ODIs.
The middle-order batsman is yet to convert his starts (44 in Rajkot and 42 in Kochi) in the series.
Down 0-1 in the Test series, Pietersen had turned it around with a series-levelling 186 in Mumbai to help England pocket it 2-1, their first in 28 years.
England have not won an ODI series since then, as their last best performance on the Indian soil was the 3-3 result in 2001-02.
On a Rajkot-like batting-friendly pitch here, the opening duo of Cook and Ian Bell, who had put 158 together in the first ODI, will once again look to set the platform for the Englishmen.
In absence of Stuart Broad (heel injury), England are touring with an inexperienced attack. Their speed options are Steven Finn, Jade Dernbach, Chris Woakes and Tim Bresnan.
In the spin department, off-break bowler James Tredwell, after an encouraging 4/44 in Rajkot, will look to relish the Indian conditions, while Samit Patel would be useful with his left-arm orthodox.
Teams (from):
India: Mahendra Singh Dhoni (capt and wk), Ajinkya Rahane, Gautam Gambhir, Virat Kohli, Yuvraj Singh, Suresh Raina, Ravindra Jadeja, Ravichandran Ashwin, Bhuvneshwar Kumar, Ishant Sharma, Shami Ahmed, Rohit Sharma, Cheteshwar Pujara Amit Mishra and Ashok Dinda.
England: Alastair Cook (capt), Ian Bell, Kevin Pietersen, Joe Root, Eoin Morgan, Craig Kieswetter (wk), Samit Patel, Chris Woakes, James Tredwell, Steven Finn, Jade Dernbach, Tim Bresnan, Danny Briggs, Stuart Broad, Jos Buttler, Stuart Meaker
Field Umpires: Steve Davis, S Ravi; TV: Vineet Kulkarni; Match Referee: Andy Pycroft.
Match Starts: 12 noon (IST).
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James Hahn watches his tee shot on the ninth hole during the second round of the Humana Challenge golf tournament, Friday, Jan. 18, 2013, in La Quinta, Calif. (AP Photo/The Desert Sun, Omar Ornelas) NO SALES RIVERSIDE OUT FOREIGNS OUT
James Hahn watches his tee shot on the ninth hole during the second round of the Humana Challenge golf tournament, Friday, Jan. 18, 2013, in La Quinta, Calif. (AP Photo/The Desert Sun, Omar Ornelas) NO SALES RIVERSIDE OUT FOREIGNS OUT
James Hahn smiles during a media conference after finishing his second round of the Humana Challenge PGA golf tournament at the La Quinta Country Club Course at PGA West Friday, Jan. 18, 2013, in La Quinta, Calif. Hahn is tied for the lead with Roberto Castro. (AP Photo/Ben Margot)
Roberto Castro reacts after missing a birdie putt on the eighth hole during the second round of the Humana Challenge golf tournament on the Arnold Palmer Private course at PGA West in La Quinta, Calif. Friday, Jan. 18, 2013. (AP Photo/Chris Carlson)
Phil Mickelson follows his shot off the 17th tee of the Niklaus Private Course at PGA West during the second round of the Humana Challenge golf tournament, Friday, Jan. 18, 2013, in La Quinta, Calif. (AP Photo/Ben Margot)
Russell Henley hits his tee shot on the third hole during the second round of the Humana Challenge golf tournament on the Palmer Private course at PGA West in La Quinta, Calif. Friday, Jan. 18, 2013. (AP Photo/Chris Carlson)
LA QUINTA, Calif. (AP) ? James Hahn's family moved to Oakland from South Korea when he was 2, and he started playing golf two years later at his father's driving range.
"Just a 'Tin Cup' kind of guy," Hahn said. "Just a driving range rat."
On Friday, in only his third big-league tournament, the 31-year-old PGA Tour rookie found himself tied for the Humana Challenge lead for the second straight day.
"I'm just soaking it in, having a good time," Hahn said. "Any time that I play a good round, it feels good and makes me cherish the momentum a little bit more, because I know they're few and far between."
He had a brief, combative college career at the University of California ? "Let's just say extracurricular activities got in the way." ? and took a long, slow path to the PGA Tour. He won twice on the Canadian Tour in 2009 and spent the last three years on the Web.com Tour, winning an event last season and finishing fifth on the money list to earn a PGA Tour card.
"I just worked harder than everybody else," said Hahn, coming off a tie for 67th last week in Hawaii at the Sony Open. "I wasn't doing anything right really the first couple years, but eventually I figured it out. Just going through trial and error is pretty much how I learned to play professionally. And to this day, I still go on YouTube for swing tips."
He put together a highlight reel of his own Friday on the par-5 fifth hole at La Quinta Country Club, blasting a dead-straight drive, and hitting his second shot so pure that it went a little farther than he wanted. Undaunted, he turned to his trusty 54-degree wedge and holed a 30-foot, bump-and-run chip for eagle ? part of a late birdie-eagle-birdie run.
"It was a long-drive stat hole, so I kind of came out of my shoes a little bit," Hahn said about his 310-yard poke on the tree-lined hole.
That left him 220 yards, and he figured a smooth 3-iron was his best play
"I didn't want to really overpower a 4-iron," Hahn said. "I had a lot of adrenaline."
He made perfect contact.
"Just hit it too good," Hahn said. "Hit the center of the green, landed it 220, rolled to the back. ... I could have hit it with a 6-iron and probably hit it within 2 feet."
It didn't matter when the chip rolled in.
"I read the break perfectly, broke about 2 feet straight down the hill," Hahn said.
Hahn finished with a 5-under 67 to match Roberto Castro at 14 under after another day of perfect conditions in the Coachella Valley. Castro shot a 67 on PGA West's Arnold Palmer Private Course after they began the round tied for the lead with Jason Kokrak at 63.
Castro had the lead alone at 16 under, but bogeyed two of his last three holes ? three-putting the par-4 ninth.
"A couple slipped away there at the end, but yesterday I made a 50-footer on the last," Castro said. "Today, I felt like I hit a good putt and three-putted. So, that's stuff over 72 holes that's going to even out."
Castro is in his second season on the tour. The 27-year-old former Georgia Tech player missed the cut last week in Hawaii in his first start of the year.
"I learned a lot last year," Castro said. "One of the best things that happened to me was making a lot of the cuts early in the year. I didn't have any big finishes, but I got to play four days and I got to learn pretty quickly. I got to play with some good players and watch what they do."
Darron Stiles, Scott Stallings and Richard H. Lee were 13 under, all shooting 65. Stiles and Stallings played at La Quinta, and Lee was on the Palmer course. Kokrak had a 69 on the Nicklaus course to drop into a tie for sixth at 12 under.
Phil Mickelson shot a 67 on the Nicklaus course after opening with a 72 at La Quinta. The tournament winner in 2002 and 2004, he was nine strokes behind the leaders and two strokes off the projected cut Saturday.
"The last two holes were the first time that I actually hit solid shots and my rhythm felt good and I made good wings," Mickelson said. "I've been quick from the top. My rhythm has been off and I've hit a bunch of squirrelly shots. I made a lot of rusty mistakes."
The tournament is his first since tying for second in early November at the HSBC Champions in China, the only event he played after the Ryder Cup. He plans to play five or six straight events, a run that will end at Riviera or the Match Play Championship.
"I really want to build some momentum here on the West Coast," Mickelson said.
Russell Henley, the Sony Open winner Sunday in his first start as a PGA Tour member, had a 69 at the Palmer course to reach 11 under. He shot a 64 on Thursday at the Nicklaus course, and is 35 under in his first six rounds this year.
DIVOTS: The Palmer course had the highest scoring average the first two days at 69.596. La Quinta was next at 69.529, and the Nicklaus course the lowest at 67.923. ... Mike Weir, the 2003 champion, followed his opening 67 at La Quinta with a 75 at the Nicklaus course to drop into a tie for 130th in the 156-man field at 2 under. The Canadian has missed 16 consecutive cuts and finished only one tournament ? a tie for 70th in the AT&T National in July 2011 ? in his last 28 events. The top 70 and ties after the third round will play Sunday at the Palmer course.
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FILE - This Nov. 16, 2012 file photo shows President Barack Obama, accompanied by House Speaker John Boehner of Ohio, speaking to reporters in the Roosevelt Room of the White House in Washington, as he hosted a meeting of the bipartisan, bicameral leadership of Congress to discuss the deficit and economy. Most Americans think jarring economic problems would erupt if lawmakers fail to increase the government?s borrowing limit. Yet they?re torn over how and even whether to raise it, leaning slightly toward Republican demands that any boost be accompanied by spending cuts, according to an Associated Press-GfK poll. (AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster, File)
FILE - This Nov. 16, 2012 file photo shows President Barack Obama, accompanied by House Speaker John Boehner of Ohio, speaking to reporters in the Roosevelt Room of the White House in Washington, as he hosted a meeting of the bipartisan, bicameral leadership of Congress to discuss the deficit and economy. Most Americans think jarring economic problems would erupt if lawmakers fail to increase the government?s borrowing limit. Yet they?re torn over how and even whether to raise it, leaning slightly toward Republican demands that any boost be accompanied by spending cuts, according to an Associated Press-GfK poll. (AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster, File)
FILE - This Nov. 28, 2012 file photo shows House Budget Committee Chairman Rep. Paul Ryan, R-Wis. walking on Capitol Hill in Washington. House Republicans say they may seek a short-term extension of the government's debt limit in the next few weeks, a move that would avoid an immediate default by the Treasury. Ryan provided no details on the duration of any extension or conditions that might be attached as he appeared at a news conference during a break at a three-day retreat of the rank and file in historic Williamsburg, Va. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite, File)
WASHINGTON (AP) ? Most Americans think jarring economic problems will erupt if lawmakers fail to increase the government's borrowing limit. Yet they're torn over how or even whether to raise it, leaning toward Republican demands that any boost be accompanied by spending cuts.
According to an Associated Press-GfK poll, 53 percent say that if the debt limit is not extended and the U.S. defaults, the country will face a major economic crisis. An additional 27 percent say such a crisis would be somewhat likely, while just 17 percent largely dismiss the prospects of such damage.
Separately, Republican officials said Wednesday that GOP lawmakers may seek a short-term extension of the debt limit, thus avoiding a default as early as next month by the U.S. Treasury while they try to negotiate spending cuts with President Barack Obama over the next few months. "The worst thing for the economy is for this Congress and this administration to do nothing to get our debt and deficits under control," said Rep. Paul Ryan, the party's 2012 vice presidential candidate who is chairman of the House Budget Committee.
The poll's findings echo many economists' warnings that failure to raise the debt ceiling and the resulting, unprecedented federal default would risk wounding the world economy because many interest rates are pegged to the trustworthiness of the U.S. to pay its debts. Obama and many Republicans agree with that, though some GOP lawmakers eager to force Obama to accept spending cuts have downplayed a default's impact.
When asked which political path to follow, 39 percent of poll respondents support the insistence by House Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio, and Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., that deep spending cuts be attached to any measure increasing the debt ceiling. That's more than the 30 percent who back Obama's demand that borrowing authority be raised quickly and not entwined with a bitter fight over trimming the budget.
An additional 21 percent oppose boosting the debt ceiling at all.
The survey was conducted as the two parties gird for a debt-limit battle that is likely to dominate the next two months in the capital. The fight is sure to underscore partisan differences over how to curb federal deficits that have surpassed $1 trillion for four straight years. Obama insists that besides spending cuts there should be more tax increases on the wealthy, which the GOP opposes.
While saying he will refuse to negotiate on the debt ceiling, Obama has said he will bargain separately on finding ways to reduce the annual federal deficit.
Despite the majority in the survey who fear severe economic problems if the debt limit is not raised, in a separate question only about 3 in 10 supported the general idea of increasing the ceiling. Four in 10 opposed it, with the rest expressing neutral feelings.
Democrats were about twice as likely as Republicans to support boosting the borrowing limit, while Republicans were likelier than Democrats by a similar margin to oppose an increase.
The government reached its $16.4 trillion borrowing limit Dec. 31 but has avoided default by using cash from pension and other funds it administers, money that will eventually be replaced. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner has said his ability to use such bookkeeping measures will be exhausted by early March or sooner.
Wayne Wiedrich, 46, an engineering inspector in Williston, N.D., said in a poll follow-up interview that he agrees that failure to boost the debt ceiling would risk severe problems.
"But on the other hand, it's not doing the economy any good to raise the debt limit, print money and spend money we don't have. One of these days China will come knocking on our door and say, 'We own you,'" he said, referring to the country that holds more U.S. debt than any other nation.
Homemaker Sherry Giordano, 59, of Feasterville, Pa., disagreed.
"It has to be done," she said of raising the borrowing limit. "We shouldn't risk our reputation or spend money and time arguing about it. We have to pay our debts."
The survey showed slight shifts in concerns about the economy and federal budget deficits. Eighty-six percent consider the economy a top issue, down 5 percentage points from last summer, while 76 percent have the same view on federal deficits, up 7 points since then.
Around one-third expect the economy to worsen over the next year, the highest figure in AP-GfK polling in nearly two years. Less than 1 in 4 think the economy is in good shape, a fairly stable number since last summer.
Despite the slight edge people give the GOP's debt limit path, the survey showed Obama with some advantages as he begins his second term.
Fifty-four percent approve of how he is handling his job, a figure that has changed little over the past year. That is more than triple Congress' 17 percent approval rating, which edged down 6 percentage points since early December, before the two sides' "fiscal cliff" fight ended with Republicans largely accepting Obama's demands to raise taxes on the country's highest earners.
Democrats also have a slight 41 percent to 36 percent advantage over Republicans as the party more trusted to handle the economy.
Both Obama and Congress have fallen in the public's esteem after their last battle over the debt ceiling.
In AP-GfK polling in June 2011, the president held a 52 percent approval rating. By August, it had declined to 46 percent after down-to-the-wire negotiations with Congress. Congressional approval ratings fell even further, from an already weak 21 percent in June to just 12 percent after the year's debt limit standoff finally ended.
When it comes to finding savings to balance the budget, nearly half prefer cutting government services as the GOP wants, 3 in 10 would rather increase taxes and about 1 in 10 would do both. The percentage backing cuts in federal services has dropped 13 percentage points since the spring of 2011, while the number supporting tax cuts has changed little.
The poll also highlighted how public support dwindles when people are asked about specific cuts.
Given four ideas for reducing budget deficits, only one got majority support: charging top earners higher Medicare premiums, backed by 60 percent. That included roughly even proportions of Democrats and Republicans, and majorities of all income groups in the poll.
Only 30 percent back slowing the growth of annual Social Security benefit increases, which Obama agreed to accept in failed talks with Boehner on crafting a deficit-reduction compromise during the "fiscal cliff" fight. Just 35 percent support gradually raising the current Medicare eligibility age of 65, and 41 percent support defense cuts.
The poll involved landline and cellphone interviews with 1,004 randomly chosen adults and had a margin of sampling error of plus or minus 4 percentage points. It was conducted from Jan. 10 to 14 by GfK Roper Public Affairs and Corporate Communications.
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AP news survey specialist Dennis Junius contributed to this report.
Online: http://www.ap-gfkpoll.com
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